A sword bayonet was standard issue for non-commissioned officers; when fitted, the weapon extended to 68 inches (1,727 mm) and weight increased to 10 pounds 4 ounces (4.65 kg). And you've given him a rifle! He's a thief, a coward and an insubordinate barrack room lawyer. The cartridge also had a bottle-necked tapered wall and corresponding shotgun breech that would prevent the insertion of other shells. : The martini action was used by BSA and latterly BSA/Parker Hale for their series of "Small Action Martini" small bore target rifles that were in production until 1955. [15][16] The Ottoman Turkish outlaw and folk hero Hekimoğlu famously used the rifle during his raids on landowners. 5. The Mark III/14 Shotgun had a three-pronged firing pin and its cartridge had a unique recessed primer well (much like that of the Lebel rifle) to prevent the firing of standard shells. : The firing mechanism consists of a helical spring around a pointed metal striker, the tip of which passes through a hole in the face of the block to impact the percussion-cap of the inserted cartridge. Nevertheless, the Zulus pressed on with repeated charges, particularly along a weak point to the north of the hospital where Bromhead and his men became embroiled in fierce hand-to-hand combat with their opponents. Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead The lock and breech are held to the stock by a metal bolt (A). : It would eventually become difficult to move the breech block and reload the rifle, substantially diminishing its effectiveness, or rendering it useless if the block could not be opened. The 415-grain Martini Carbine load introduced in 1878 shot better out to longer ranges and had less recoil when it was fired in the rifles, with its reduced charge of only 75 grains of Curtis & Harvey's. Damned hot work. In the American Civil War volley fire was used quite effectively, since the effective range and rate of fire were greater than in earlier centuries. Early in 2010 and 2011, United States Marines recovered at least three from various Taliban weapons caches in Marjah.[4]. : There's something else. Don't bother. Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead [Adendorff has explained the classic Zulu 'buffalo' battle formation]  Breech-loading single-shot lever-actuated rifle and derivatives, Turkish, Romanian, and Boer Republics Peabody–Martini–Henry rifles. | It looks er... jolly simple, doesn't it? But by 1904 more target shooters were using the new .303 cal. Chard. : [5] A bayonet designed by Lord Elcho was intended for chopping and other sundry non-combat duties, and featured a double row of teeth so it could be used as a saw; it was not produced in great numbers and was not standard issue. Lieutenant John Chard : There was widescale use of the Martini-Henry socket bayonet by the defenders, the fearsome 22" "lunger", especially in combat over the mealie bag defences. In the hospital, malingering under arrest. Significant numbers of the basic design, with variations, were also produced for the Boer Republics, both in Belgium and, via Westley Richards, in Birmingham, as late as the late 1890s. : Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead The Zulus are the enemies of my blood. Unable to purchase Martini–Henry rifles from the British because their entire production was going to rearming British troops, Ottoman Turkey purchased weapons identical to the Mark I from the Providence Tool Company in Providence, Rhode Island, United States (the manufacturers of the somewhat similar Peabody rifle), and used them effectively against the Russians in the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878). : : They're counting your guns. You're the professional. They were sitting around on their backsides, doing nothing. Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead In the defense of a fixed position, British infantry used three-rank volley fire to decimate an attack by a large Zulu force. They want a bridge across the river. Fire at will! Well, when you take command, old boy, you're on your own. One of the first things that the general - my grandfather - ever taught me. Lieutenant John Chard When a man's as thirsty as this. Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead [11] Over 60,000 had been produced by the time production ended in the 1960s.[12]. A now scarce variant of the Peabody–Martini–Henry built by Steyr was adopted by Romania in 1879. The 4,000-strong Zulu impis appears on a ridge overlooking Rorke's Drift and advances to attack. Thundering along as thousands of shields get rattled and feet stamp. Fire! Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead "I regret to report a disastrous engagement which took place on the morning of the 22nd of January between the armies of the Zulu king Cetewayo and our Number 3 Column, consisting of Five Companies of … An example can be seen at the Royal Armouries Museum in Leeds.[13]. Not much of an army for you. If 1200 men couldn't hold a defensive position this morning, what chance have we with 100? During the Second Boer War, many of the Boers used the Martini-Henry rifle, since over 34,000 of these had been purchased.[18]. To correct this, the weak rolled brass cartridge was replaced by a stronger drawn brass version, and a longer loading lever was incorporated into the MK-IV to apply greater torque to operate the mechanism when fouled. Martini–Henrys were also used in the African and Middle Eastern theatres during World War I, in the hands of Native Auxiliary troops. Lieutenant John Chard We need you! There were four main marks of the Martini–Henry rifle produced: Mark I (released in June 1871), Mark II, Mark III, and Mark IV. The defences of the compound are overrun gradually. Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead The breech is closed by the block (B) which turns on the pin (C) that passes through the rear of the block. The Henry patent rifling produced a heptagonal barrel with seven grooves with one turn in 22 inches (559 mm). Who are you? It was seen in use by some Afghan tribesmen as late as the Soviet invasion. Lieutenant John Chard British .450-caliber bullets scythed down warriors with grim impartiality, leaving survivors hugging the ground with mounting frustration. [At an extreme peak in the battle, Lieutenant Chard starts to buckle under the pressure and becomes unresponsive] Stay in the fight, man! Adendorff After investigating the matter, the British Army Ordnance Department determined the fragile construction of the rolled brass cartridge, and fouling due to the black-powder propellant, were the main causes of this problem. | Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead Owen : Martini-Henry rifles flamed, and with each crashing volley scores of Zulu fell dead and wounded. Volley fire would only have been in the first minutes of the engagement. A noticeably different variant incorporating earlier Westley Richards ideas for a flat-spring driven hammer within the receiver in lieu of the coil-spring powered striker of the von Martini design, known as the Gahendra rifle, was produced locally in Nepal. [stops as the sound of thousands of Zulu warriors marching toward the mission can be heard]. Or any time singing or volley fire appears. After firing, the cartridge is partially extracted by the lock. -- Reviews and criticism, but as in the examples cited, I cannot dispute their appropriateness. : You've come down from the column? Bromhead. Yüksel, Ayhan – Eşkıya Hekimoğlu İbrahim'in 'Aynalı Martin' Tüfeği, Hürriyet Tarih 27 Kasım 2002, s. 20 – 21. Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead We need you! : : We needyou! As well as British service rifles, the Martini breech action was applied to shotguns by the Greener company of Britain, whose single-shot "EP" riot guns were still in service in the 1970s in former British colonies. I didn't know. The first time? Lieutenant John Chard : Damn the levies man... Cowardly blacks! Like a train... in the distance. As the lever (E) is moved forward the tumbler (G) revolves and one of its arms engages and draws back the spring until the tumbler is firmly locked in the notch (H) and the spring is held by the rest-piece (L) which is pushed into a bend in the lower part of the tumbler. : Below the trigger-guard the lever (E) works a pin (F) which projects the tumbler (G) into the case. : Rorke’s Drift War Crime. Err... yes. Adendorff [preoccupied]  Now there's a bitter pill. The standard bayonet was a socket-type spike, either converted from the older Pattern 1853 (overall length 20.4 inches (518 mm)) or newly produced as the Pattern 1876 (overall length 25 inches (635 mm)), referred to as the "lunger". : That's my post... up there. : It was charged with 85 grains (5.51 g) of Curtis and Harvey's No.6 coarse black powder,[3] notorious for its heavy recoil. A 0.402 calibre model, the Enfield–Martini, incorporating several minor improvements such as a safety catch, was gradually phased in to replace the Martini–Henry from about 1884. The powder's burning with less pressure inside the cartridge case prevented the brass cases from sticking inside the rifle's chamber (because they were not expanding as much as the original black-powder loads did). Company Credits Movies often give wrongful depictions of linear tactics and warfare in the early modern period. Martini–Henry variants were used throughout the British Empire for 47 years. Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead That's right. [kneeling in stream]  You were saying about Hook? It is clear from early medical field surgeons' reports that at 200 yards the rifle really came into its own, and inflicted devastating and horrific wounds on the Zulus in the Anglo–Zulu War. - Fight as the Redcoats of the British Army or unlock the Continental Army of the American Revolutionary War, … The gun was originally designed to replace the Egyptian police's obsolete Martini-Henry rifles, which they usually loaded with brass shot-shells. Well done, Adendorff, we'll make an Englishman of you yet! Understand? At one hundred yards, volley fire! : Lieutenant John Chard Filming & Production The Mark II/14 lacked the nosecap and had a full hunting-style stock. The block (B) is hollowed along its upper surface (I) to assist in inserting a cartridge into the firing chamber (J). Adendorff : You think I could stand this butcher's yard more than once? During most of the key battles, such as Rorke's Drift and the Battle of Ulundi, the order to volley fire was not given until the Zulus were at or within 400 yards. Pvt. *What?*. The extractor rotates on a pin (M) and has two vertical arms (N), which are pressed by the rim of the cartridge pushed home into two grooves in the sides of the barrel. More and more Zulu got into the ravine, about 100 yd (91 m) from the cattle kraal. Despite the Zulus' superior numbers, the attack colla… The army doesn't like more than one disaster in a day. : [3] These later variants were more reliable in battle, although it was not until smokeless nitro powders and copper-jacketed bullets were tried out in these rifles in the 1920s that accuracy and 100% reliability of cartridge case extraction was finally achieved by Birmingham ammunition makers (Kynoch). Well, you've fought your first action. We dropped at least 60, wouldn't you say? The replacement was gradual, to use up existing stocks of the old ammunition. Though the Snider was the first breechloader firing a metallic cartridge in regular British service, the Martini was designed from the outset as a breechloader and was both faster firing and had a longer range.[3]. The Mk2 Martini–Henry rifle, as used in the Zulu Wars, was sighted to 1,800 yards (1,600 m). Throughout the day and night, wave after wave of Zulu … I'm not offering to clean it myself. Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead The end, where the British soldiers sing "Men of Harlech" to counter the singing of the Zulu warriors. At the Battle of Khambula, Evelyn Wood’s column killed 2,000 Zulus with its volley fire and probably mortally wounded a further 1,000. In the final scene, the Zulu’s sing the praises of their enemy and melt away. It all depends on what you damned English want for it afterwards. What's our strength? | : : Until the soldiers make a last stand with volley fire decimating the Zulu ranks. The epitome of remaining calm under fire, the British Line Lancers (by Empress Miniatures) ride forth to lead the way for the troops! Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead Lieutenant John Chard Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead : Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead Lieutenant John Chard However, before this was complete, the decision was made to replace the Martini–Henry rifles with the .303 calibre bolt-action magazine Lee–Metford, which gave a considerably higher maximum rate of fire. The Nepalese produced a close copy of the British Martini–Henry incorporating certain Westley Richards improvements to the trigger mechanism but otherwise very similar to the British Mark II. Over the next few hours, wave after wave of Zulu attackers are repelled. Aim! Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead The first time? The ballistic performance of a .577/450 is somewhat similar to that of an American .45/70 Government round, as used prolifically throughout the American Frontier West and by buffalo hunters, though the .577/450 has more power due to its extra 15 grains of black powder inside the cartridge case. The Lancers also … In the aftermath of an attack repulsed by British volley fire, the camera panned slowly over a twisted mass of dead and dying Zulus to come to rest on Stanley Baker looking nobly troubled by the whole business – the ‘island’ and the ‘sable sea’ reproduced in Technicolor. Adendorff [16] Greener responded in 1932 by coming up with a redesigned gun and new shell design to prevent this. 24th. : The only one I can think of is an unfair one: I only wish Mr. Hall could have written this a few decades sooner. The Martini–Henry was copied on a large scale by North-West Frontier Province gunsmiths. Zulu Random Fire Phase Because there's units in Zone J, that get's targeted (better chance of a hit). Dyer successfully did a Volley Fire that hit the Zulu unit (Bhekicizme Azisa) that was fired upon earlier – now down to 5 units and a pinned marker, enough to stop it from moving next round. : That would make the weapon useless to anyone who stole it, as no other cartridge could be loaded. I'm a Boer. The Secretary of State for War received the following dispatch from Lord Chelmsford, ...Commander-in-Chief of Her Majesty's forces in Natal, South Africa. Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead British volley fire was deadly; few if any warriors had ever experienced anything like it. Adendorff : The rifle was 49 inches (1,245 mm) long, the steel barrel 33.22 inches (844 mm). Who said you could use my men? Take command. Greener also used the Martini action for the GP ("General Purpose") single-barreled shotgun firing standard 12-bore ​2 3⁄4-inch ammunition, which was a staple for gamekeepers and rough shooters in Britain up to the 1960s. Known today as the .577/450, a bottle-neck design with the same base as the .577 cartridge of the Snider–Enfield. And who the hell do you think is coming to wipe out your little command? [14] The gun fired a .38 blank cartridge to propel the harpoon. The real main reason for the loss of the camp was that the firing lines were too far out and spread, reducing the effectiveness of the British volley fire. Armed primarily with assegais the Zulus charged at the garrison but were cut down by the British volley fire. Consequently, to avoid having three different rifle calibres in service, the Enfield–Martinis were withdrawn, converted to 0.45 calibre, and renamed Martini–Henry Mk IV "A", "B" and "C" pattern rifles. : Also, the Martini Henry rifles started to jam and misfire after prolonged firing, allowing the Zulus, who had suffered terrible losses, to close with the firing lines, and overwhelm them in mass charges. Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead Technical Specs, [Adendorff has explained the classic Zulu 'buffalo' battle formation]. : : This sat on top of the main powder charge inside initially a rimmed brass foil cartridge, later made in drawn brass. Perhaps one of the best examples of volley fire in film is depicted in the Movie Zulu recounting the Battle of Rorke's Drift. Official Sites (I wonder how long it took Mr. Hall to come up with them all?) I feel ashamed. Lieutenant John Chard Our own damned rifles! Was that how it was for you? cartridge, which was found to be much more accurate, and thus interest in the .577/450 fell away, to the point that by 1909 they were rarely used at Bisley matches, with shooters favouring the later Lee–Enfield bolt action magazine rifles.[6]. : Zulu: Is this an underdog film that shows the futility of colonialism or does this biopic reflect the progressive movements of the 1960s? [mounted, crossing stream]  [distracted]  Testing your firing power with the lives of his warriors. The Martini–Henry is a breech-loading single-shot lever-actuated rifle that was used by the British Army. "WWII gear in Afghan use: Part I – Firearms", "The Greener Police Shotgun: Engineered gun control? It first entered service in 1871, eventually replacing the Snider–Enfield, a muzzle-loader converted to the cartridge system. The tumbler moves within a notch (H) and acts upon the block, raising it into the firing position or allowing it to fall according to the position of the lever. [10] It was used by prison guards and police in Egypt, Burma, India, and Australia. Still, a chap ought to look smart in front of the men, don't you think? John Chard, Royal Engineers. A bent arm (O), forming an 80° angle with the extractor arms, is forced down by the dropping block when the lever is pushed forward, so causing the upright arms to extract the cartridge case slightly and allow easier manual full extraction. Adendorff I came up here to build a bridge. Lieutenant John Chard [7] These early lessons enabled tactics to be evolved to work around the limitations of this large, slow, and heavy calibre during the Zulu War. Depictions. The defenders are surprised when the Zulu warriors open fire on the station with rifles taken from the British dead at Isandlwana. During the Martini–Henry's service life the British Army was involved in a large number of colonial wars, most notably the Anglo-Zulu War in 1879. [laughs]  : In the defense of a fixed position, British infantry utilized a two rank volley fire to decimate an attack by a large Zulu force. The first waves of Zulu assault were repulsed by British volley fire, but the attackers pushed on relentlessly, particularly along a vulnerable section of the British perimeter by the hospital which became the centre of fierce hand-to-hand combat. It was found that, while the rifle with its 485 grain bullet shot point of aim to 100 yards, the carbine load when fired in the rifles shot 12 inches (30 cm) high at the same range, but then made up for this by shooting spot-on out to 500 yards (460 m). In 1879, however, it was generally found that in average hands the .577/450 Martini–Henry Mk2, although the most accurate of the Martinis in that calibre ever produced for service life, was really only capable of hitting a man-size target out to 400 yards.
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